ITANGAZO RIGENEWE ABANYAMAKURU:
Gufunga imipaka y’igihugu ni uguhemukira abaturage bitavugwa. Ikigo kitiriwe Nyakwigendera Seth Sendashonga (Institut Seth Sendashonga pour la Citoyenneté Démocratique, ISCID asbl) cyanejejwe n’inkuru nziza y’ifungurwa ry’umupaka wa Gatuna uhuza u Rwanda n’u Bugande, tariki ya 31 mutarama 2022, nyuma y’imyaka itatu uwo mupaka warumaze ufunzwe.
Nk’uko byavuzwe kenshi n’abantu banyuranye ndetse na Institut Seth Sendashonga ikabigarukaho mu matangazo menshi, ifungwa ry’umupaka w’u Rwanda n’u Bugande ni kimwe mu byemezo bikomeye byabangamiye cyane abanyarwanda ndetse n’abaturanyi babo ba Uganda kuko kuva cyera na kare abaturage b’ibyo bihugu byombi bari basanzwe bahahirana cyangwa bakorana indi mirimo myinshi yabasabaga kwambuka umupaka kenshi. Ndetse bamwe muri abo baturage bari bafite imiryango hakurya y’uwo mupaka ku buryo ifungwa ryawo ryabagizeho ingaruka z’akarusho.
Ni ngombwa kwibutsa ko mu bihe bikomeye by’amateka yabo abanyarwanda benshi babashije gukiza amagara yabo babikesheje kwambuka umupaka bakajya gusaba ubuhungiro mu baturanyi babo ba Uganda. Ni muri urwo rwego usanga hari abanyarwanda benshi bavukiye, barererwa ndetse bakurira mu Bugande ku buryo icyo gihugu bagifitemo amasano akomeye.
Ku byerekeye ubukungu, ababikurikiranira hafi bemeza ko ifungwa ry’umupaka ryahungabanije abantu benshi bari batunzwe n’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, bigira n’ingaruka ku musaruro ibihugu byombi byinjizaga buri mwaka ari nako byabujije abaturage ba buri gihugu ubushobozi bwo kwitabaza isoko ry’abaturanyi igihe habaye amapfa cyangwa izindi ngorane zituma abaturage bitabaza inzira z’ubuhahirane.
Institut Seth Sendashonga yishimiye ko ibibazo bya politiki byatumye imipaka ifungwa birimo gushakirwa ibisubizo binyuze mu nzira z’ibiganiro, ikaba yizera ko icyizere guverinoma y’u Rwanda yatanze kizashyirwa mu bikorwa vuba kandi ntayandi mananiza. Birakwiye kandi ko hakorwa ibishoboka kugirango umupaka w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi nawo ufungurwe mu maguru mashya. Abaturage b’impande zombi baturiye uwo mupaka nabo bakeneye ko ufungurwa kugirango babashe guhahirana no gukomeza ibindi bikorwa bijyanye n’umubano mwiza bari bafitanye.
Muri rusange birakwiye ko abayobozi b’impande zose bazirikana ko umupaka w’igihugu ari irembo ryo guhahirana no gutsura umubano hagati y’abaturage b’abaturanyi bikaba bidakwiye ko abo baturage bahindurwa ingwate mu bibazo bya politiki biri hagati y’abayobozi babo.
Bikorewe i Buruseli, tariki ya 02/02/2022
Jean-Claude Kabagema
Perezida wa ISCID asbl Télécharger: ISCIDasbl_GufunguraImipaka.pdf
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ITANGAZO RIGENEWE ABANYAMAKURU:
Abanyarwanda bakwiye gushyira ingufu mu gutegura impinduka ikozwe mu mahoro ikavanaho ingoma y'igitugu Imyaka ibaye 24 Seth Sendashonga yiciwe i Nairobi muri Kenya. Ubwo bwicanyi bwakozwe tariki ya 16 gicurasi 1998 bwategetswe na Paul Kagame nk’uko yabyivugiye ubwe kw’itariki ya 9 werurwe 2019, imbere y'abayobozi bakuru b'igihugu bari mu mwiherero warimo kubera i Gabiro. Muri uwo mwiherero Perezida Paul Kagame yavuze ko, mbere y’iyicwa rye, Sendashonga yari aherutse guhura na bamwe mu basilikare bakuru b'ingabo za Uganda barimo jenerali Salim Saleh, murumuna wa Perezida Yoweri Kaguta Museveni. Yongeyeho ko, kuri we, icyo gikorwa cya Sendashonga cyari “ukurenga umurongo utukura”. Uwo murongo utukura ni imvugo Perezida Kagame akoresha isobanura ko yiyumvamo uburenganzira bwo kwica buri wese igihe abona amubangamiye.
Seth Sendashonga ni umwe mu banyarwanda benshi ingoma ya FPR imaze guhitana bazira ibitekerezo byabo. Kuva akiri umunyeshuri muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda yanditse inyandiko nyinshi arwanya akarengane, ivanguramoko n'ibindi byagaragaraga nk'ibishora gushora igihugu cyacu mu icuraburindi. Ibyo nibyo byamuviriyemo guhunga mu mwaka w'1975. Nyuma yaje gufatanya na FPR mu rugamba yabonaga ko rufite intego yo gucyura impunzi no kunga bya nyabyo abagize umuryango nyarwanda. Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi muri nyakanga 1994 Seth Sendashonga yagizwe ministiri w'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu n'amajyambere ya komini, ahangana n'ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano. Yaje gusezera kuri uwo mwanya muri kanama 1995 nyuma yo gutangariza mu nama ya guverinoma ko, amaze kwitegereza neza ibyarimo kuba hirya no hino mu gihugu, yemeza ko ibikorwa byo guhungabanya umutekano bitakorwaga n'abantu ku giti cyabo ahubwo byari kuri gahunda kandi bishyigikiwe n'ubuyobozi bw'ingabo zahoze ari iza FPR. Nyuma y'iryo jambo Paul Kagame wari ministiri w'ingabo akaba na visiperezida w'igihugu yahise asohoka mu nama agenda akubita agatoki ku kandi, atangira gucura umugambi wo kumwivugana.
Uwo mugambi wabanje kugeragezwa tariki ya 26 gashyantare 1996 ubwo umusilikare wahoze ari uwo mu ngabo za FPR wakoraga muri ambasade i Nairobi yamurashe akamuhusha agahita afatwa n'abapolisi b'icyo gihugu naho leta y'u Rwanda igahita yiyemeza kugarura uwo mukozi wayo i Kigali kugirango atabazwa n'ubucamanza gusobanura iby'urwo rugomo. Icyo gihe Seth Sendashonga yari ataravugana na ba basilikare bakuru bo mu ngabo za Uganda. Ibi bisobanura ko umugambi wo kumwica warusanzweho. Ibyo Perezida Kagame yavugiye mu mwiherero w'i Gabiro muri 2019 ni uburyo bwo kwemera ko ariwe wamwishe ariko impamvu atanga zo ntabwo arizo. Byongeye kandi kumvikanisha ko ashobora gukatira urwo gupfa uwariwe wese igihe cyose abishakiye kubera ko batabona ibibazo kimwe, ari byo yita kurenga umurongo utukura, ni ikibazo kiremereye buri munyarwanda akwiye kwibazaho.
Nk'uko bisanzwe kuri aya matariki ngarukamwaka twibukaho iyicwa ry'uwo muvandimwe wari n'umubyeyi, inshuti ndetse n'umugabo w'ukuri, ikigo cyamwitiriwe, Institut Seth Sendashonga pour la Citoyenneté Démocratique (Iscid asbl), kiboneyeho umwanya wo kugeza ku banyarwanda aho baherereye hose ndetse no ku nshuti z'u Rwanda ubutumwa bukurikira ku bibazo byugarije u Rwanda kandi byose bikomoka ku ngoma y’igitugu idashakira igihugu amahoro arambye:
1) Hashize iminsi havugwa amasezerano leta y'u Rwanda igirana na bimwe mu bihugu byo ku isi hagamijwe kuzana mu Rwanda impunzi zahungiye muri ibyo bihugu. Iyo ubisesenguye neza usanga icyo leta y'u Rwanda iba ikurikiranye mu isinywa ry'ayo masezerano ari amafranga ibihugu bishaka kwikuraho izo mpunzi bitanga yo kuziherekeza. Amafaranga yonyine! Ni ubucuruzi bw'abantu bwahinduye isura (trafic des êtres humains). Bitabaye ibyo nta kuntu igihugu gito kandi gituwe cyane nk'u Rwanda, byongeye kandi kikaba gikennye, abaturage bacyo benshi, cyane cyane urubyiruko, ari abashomeri, nta kuntu icyo gihugu aricyo cyafata iya mbere kikajya gufata impunzi zo muri Isiraheli, izo muri Libiya, izo muri Afuganistani, izo mu Bwongereza, izo muri Danemark, n'ahandi hazagenda hatangazwa. Ni ibintu birenze ukwemera. Ni ngombwa kwibutsa ko u Rwanda ari kimwe mu bihugu bifite umubare munini w'impunzi ku isi (impunzi z'abanyarwanda ziri mu mahanga), kandi uwo mubare ukaba udasiba kwiyongera. Kuva FPR yafata ubutegetsi nta cyemezo na kimwe yari yafata kigamije guhumuriza izo mpunzi ngo zitahe mu gihugu cyazo zizeye kuhagira umutekano uhagije, zizeye no kuhabonera amahirwe yo kwibeshaho angana n'ay'abandi baturage. Leta y'u Rwanda yavuga ite ko ifite ubugwaneza bwo kwakira impunzi zo mu bindi bihugu itaracyemura ikibazo cy'abanyarwanda bahungiye hafi yayo, mu mashyamba ya Kongo, abari mu nkambi z'impunzi mu bindi bihugu by'Afurika ndetse n'abandi babarizwa ku migabane yose y'isi? Igitangaje cyane kandi giteye agahinda nukubona ibyo bihugu bisinyana n'u Rwanda ayo masezerano y'urukozasoni bizi neza uko ibibazo by'u Rwanda biteye, bikaba ahubwo bisa n'ibyishimiye ko ibyo ubutegetsi bw'igitugu bwemeje nta rwego rundi rwo muri icyo gihugu ruba rwabivuguruza kuko nta mudepite ukoma, nta muturage ukopfora, keretse abihararutswe nabo akenshi bakabiryozwa. Ibyo bihugu byari bikwiye ahubwo gufasha abanyarwanda bandagaye hirya no hino ku isi kubona uburyo bwiza bwo gutaha mu rwababyaye, u Rwanda rukareka kuba igihugu abaturage bacyo bahunga.
2) Mu myaka ibiri iri imbere mu Rwanda hateganijwe amatora y'umukuru w'igihugu. Perezida Paul Kagame azaba amaze imyaka 24 kuri uwo mwanya, kongeraho imyaka 6 yamaze ari visiperida ariko mu by'ukuri akaba ariwe warufite ijambo rya nyuma muri byose. Ni igihe rwose cyo gutekereza ko impinduka ari ngombwa. Birababaje kuba, magingo aya, hari abanyapolitiki n'abanyamakuru ndetse n'abaturage basanzwe bafunzwe bazira ko bavuze ku mugaragaro icyo gitekerezo cyangwa ko bashishikarije rubanda guharanira impinduka. Institut Seth Sendashonga iboneyeho umwanya wo kongera gutangaza ko ishyigikiye gahunda yo guharanira impinduka mu nzira y'amahoro yatangajwe n'abanyapolitiki babiri basanzwe bakorera mu Rwanda, bo muri DALFA Umurinzi (ishyaka ryasabye uburenganzira bwo gukora ku mugaragaro rikaba rikibutegereje) na PS Imberakuri. Mu nyandiko bise "Urwandiko rw'inzira" bakaba barayitangaje tariki ya mbere nyakanga 2021 basabye ubutegetsi bwa FPR kwirinda kugwa mu mutego w'ababubanjirije, bakemera ibiganiro n'abo batabona ibintu kimwe ku bibazo nyamukuru byugarije igihugu. Ibyo bikaba bisaba mbere na mbere ko ubwo butegetsi bufungura urubuga rwa politiki bityo abanyarwanda, baba abari imbere mu gihugu, baba abari mu mahanga, bagatanga umusanzu wabo nta nkomyi. Ntidushidikanya ko ibitekerezo bikubiye muri urwo rwandiko rw'inzira ari umusanzu ukomeye mu gushakira igihugu ejo hazaza heza, igihugu kibasha gusigasira ibyiza byagezweho, kigakosora iby'amateka yagiye agoreka.
3) Muri iyi myaka 28 ishize FPR iyobora igihugu, umubano w'u Rwanda n'ibihugu birukikije uko ari bine waranzwe kenshi n'amakimbirane. Ibyari ubuhahirane bwambuka imipaka ndetse n'urujya n'uruza rw'abaturage binjira cyangwa basohoka mu gihugu byarahungabanye cyane bitewe n'ayo makimbirane yatumye imipaka ifungwa. Byageze n'ubwo abategetsi bavuga ko kujya gushaka imirimo cyangwa guhaha mu kindi gihugu ari ukujya guhunahuna. Bamwe mu baturage bararashwe, barapfa, bazira ko babaga bikoreye udufuka tw'ibigori cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa bakuye i Bugande. Muri iki gihe agahenge gahari katurutse ku bayobozi ba Uganda bahagurutse bakaza kwinginga abategetsi b’u Rwanda kugirango imipaka ifungurwe abaturage babashe kongera guhahirana. Nta na rimwe leta y'u Rwanda yigeze igerageza gufata iya mbere kugirango ijye gushaka inzira zo gukemura icyo kibazo.
Mu mwanya wo kwiyunga n'abaturanyi leta y'u Rwanda yohereje ingabo kurwana mu bihugu badahuje imipaka, nka Santarafurika na Mozambike. Aho hose, wongeyeho n'abarwana mu mitwe y'inyeshyamba nka M23 n'indi iyogoza uburasirazuba bwa kongo , ni abana b'u Rwanda bahatanga ubuzima bwabo hejuru y'inyungu zidasobanutse mu gihe nta rwego na rumwe ruhagarariye abaturage ruba rwabimenyeshejwe. Abagwa muri izo ntambara bashyingurwa he? imiryango yabo ifashwa ite? Ibyo byose ni ibibazo abashora izo ngabo mu mirwano yo hirya no hino baba bakwiye gusobanura. Abanyarwanda bakwiye kuzirikana ko iyi politiki yo kwigira igihangange mu karere no muri Afurika yose amaherezo ishobora kubyarira u Rwanda akarambaraye.
4) Ubucamanza bw'ubufaransa buherutse gutangaza ko iperereza bumaze imyaka irenga 20 bukora ku ihanurwa ry'indege yaguyemo ba perezida Yuvenali Habyarimana w'u Rwanda na Sipiriyani Ntaryamira w'u Burundi hamwe n'abo bari kumwe, ku ya 6 mata 1994, ryafashe ubusa (« non lieu »). Twibutse ko ihanurwa ry’iriya ndege abantu benshi barifata nk’igikorwa cyabaye imbarutso ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi n’ubundi bwicanyi bwahitanye abantu batagira ingano (abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga), guhera tariki ya 7 mata 1994. Birakwiye kumva ko iryo perereza ryatangijwe n'umucamanza Jean Louis Brugière ritapfuye ubusa kuko hari ibimenyetso byinshi kandi bikomeye ryashyize ahagaragara, rikaba ndetse ryarakusanyije bumwe mu buhamya abandi bashobora kuzifashisha mu gihe bizaba bishoboka gukomeza iryo perereza. Muri urwo rwego Institut Seth Sendashonga irashishikariza abanyarwanda n'abarundi ndetse n'abandi bakunda ukuri n'ubutabera kunga amajwi yabo bagasaba umuryango w'abibumye (LONI) gushyiraho komisiyo mpuzamahanga igomba kwerekana abagize uruhare muri kiriya gikorwa cy'iterabwoba. Nta handi mu mateka y'isi amarorerwa nk'ariya yateje amakuba akomeye yakozwe ngo bibure kugira ingaruka ku bayakoze. Tuboneyeho kongera gusaba ko mu rwego rwo kurwanya umuco wo kudahana no kubaka inkingi z'amahoro arambye mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo hagati y'1993 na 2003, ubwo bwicanyi bukaba bwarakorewe iperereza ryimbitse ryatangajwe mu nyandiko ndende bise « mapping report » yo mu ukwakira 2010, ko bwashyirirwaho urukiko mpuzamahanga rufite ububasha bwo guhana ababugizemo uruhare. Amateka yerekana ko umuco wo kudahana ari moteri ya politiki z'igitugu n'urugomo byayogoje akarere muri rusange n'u Rwanda ku buryo bw'umwihariko.
Bikorewe i Buruseli, ku ya 15/05/2022
Jean Claude Kabagema
Président wa ISCID asbl Télécharger: ISCIDasbl_IsabukuruYa24_Iyicwa_SethSendashonga.pdf
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ITANGAZO RIGENEWE ABANYAMAKURU:
Perezida Kagame yigambye ko yashatse « guhambira » abahutu bakoranaga muri guverinoma.
Nyuma y’ijambo Perezida Paul Kagame yavugiye muri Unity Club tariki ya 12 ugushyingo 2022 agambiriye kugoreka amateka no kugereka amacakubiri n’ubugambanyi kubo bafatanije muri guverinoma ya mbere yashyizweho nyuma y’insinzi ya FPR muri Nyakanga 1994, Ikigo kitiriwe Nyakwigendera Seth Sendashonga (Institut Seth Sendashonga pour la citoyenneté démocratique, Iscid asbl mu mvugo ihinnye) kirageza ku Banyarwanda no ku nshuti z’u Rwanda ibi bikurikira :
1. Inama ya guverinoma yabereye mu cyahoze ari Hoteli y’uwa gatanu Nyakanga ikavugirwamo ku buryo bwihariye ibibazo by’umutekano ari nayo Paul Kagame wari visi perezida w’igihugu na ministiri w’ingabo yagiriyemo uburakari akayisohokamo itarangiye yabaye ku itariki ya 25 Kanama 1995. Naho ijambo Paul Kagame yavugiye ku Kibuye yiyama abacengezi baturukaga mu nkambi z’impunzi zari mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo ryo ryavuzwe mu w’1996 harimo gutegurwa intambara ya mbere ya Kongo yabimburiwe n’ibitero byo gusenya izo nkambi bikaba byarakurikiwe n’ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwahitanye impunzi nyinshi ndetse n’abaturage ba Kongo. Aha twakwibutsa ko iyo ntambara ya Kongo yatangiye hashize umwaka n’amezi abiri Faustin Twagiramungu na Seth Sendashonga barasezeye muri guverinoma ndetse barageze mu buhungiro.
Birakwiye rero ko abantu basobanukirwa neza ko ubwicanyi bwavugwaga mu nama ya guverinoma yo kuri 25 Kanama 1995 ntaho buhuriye n’intambara y’abacengezi kuko ataribyo bibazo byariho icyo gihe. Muri iyo nama uwari ministiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, Nyakwigendera Seth Sendashonga yasobanuye mu buryo burambuye ibijyanye n’ukuntu hirya no hino mu gihugu abaturage benshi bicwaga, abandi bakanyerezwa n’ingabo zahoze ari iza FPR ari nazo zari ingabo za leta nshya.
Yerekanye uburyo abaturage benshi baziraga amazu yabo cyangwa imitungo yabo, asobanura uburyo abantu barimo kurundwa mu magereza nta buhumekero bafite kandi nta n’amadosiye bafite. Seth Sendashonga yasobanuye ko ibibazo byariho by’umutekano bitari bishingiye ku burakari n’umujinya by’abantu ku giti cyabo bapfushije imiryango yabo muri jenoside, ko we yagenzuye akabona byari umugambi wa politiki yari ishyigikiwe n’abayoboraga ingabo z’igihugu. Ikimenyetso gikomeye yatanze muri iyo nama nuko ku mabarwa asaga 760 yagiye yandikira uwari ministiri w’ingabo (Paul Kagame) nta n’imwe yigeze asubiza. Ibyo byarakaje cyane Kagame kuko bwaribwo bwa mbere mu nama nk’iyo havuzwe uruhare rwe mu bibazo by’umutekano byari byarazengereje abaturage. Biriya yavugiye muri Unity Club ko ngo yaramaze icyumweru azenguruka igihugu kugirango agarure umutekano ntabyo yavugiye muri iyo nama. Ahubwo yabwiye Perezida wa Repuburika wari Pasiteri Bizimungu guhitamo hagati ye na Seth Sendashonga, ahita ahaguruka aragenda.
2. Bubaye ubwa mbere Perezida Kagame avuga ku mugaragaro ko yagize igitekerezo cyo kwica abaministiri b’abahutu bari kumwe muri guverinoma yitwaga iy’ubwiyunge. Ku bamenyereye imvugo ya Paul Kagame « guhambira » akoresha bisobanura kwica kuko hari ubwicanyi FPR ikora ibanje guhambira umuntu amaboko mu mugongo, agatuza kagatunukayo kugeza igihe abura umwuka agapfa.
Mu mwiherero wabereye i Gabiro muri 2019 Perezida Kagame yari yigambye ko ariwe wishe Seth Sendashonga ngo kuko yari yarenze umurongo utukura. Ubu noneho umuntu wese ushishoza ashobora kumva ko umugambi yawufashe mu nama ya guverinoma yavugirwagamo ibibazo by’umutekano w’abaturage. Muri urwo rwego birakwiye kwibutsa ko n’uwari ministiri w’ubutabera, Nkubito Alphonse Marie, yaje gupfa mu ijoro ry’uwa 13 Gashyantare 1997 azize urupfu rutunguranye. Nyuma y’ariya magambo Kagame yamuvuzeho ntawashidikanya ko « bamuhambiriye ». Kuba Perezida Kagame avugira ku mugaragaro ko yashatse « guhambira » bagenzi be bari hamwe muri guverinoma ni ibintu ubwabyo biteye inkeke. Umukuru w’igihugu yahinduye ubwicanyi nk’indangagaciro yacengeza mu baturage ashinzwe kuyobora. Ibi ni nko gusinda amaraso. Perezida Kagame akwiye kumenya ko ibi byose yicara yigamba by’ubugome agirira abanyarwanda bishobora kuzaba ariwo murage izina rye rizasiga mu mateka.
3. Ntawabura kwibaza impamvu Perezida Kagame yavuze ikibazo cy’ishyaka lunari (UNAR) ryasabye kwandikwa nk’andi mashyaka yakoreraga mu gihugu nyuma y’intambara n’ubwicanyi byo mu w’1994. Iryo shyaka ryabikoze mu buryo bwari bwubahirije amategeko, rinyuze muri ministeri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu y’icyo gihe. Ubusabe bwabo bwashoboraga kwemerwa cyangwa bukangwa. Ibi nibyo Seth Sendshonga yasobanuye mu nama ya guverinoma. Iki ntabwo ari ikibazo cyari gifite uburemere ku buryo cyateza umwuka mubi muri guverinoma. Ahubwo biratangaje kuba Kagame ubwe yarakiriye uwari umuyobozi w’iryo shyaka wamusabaga nawe kugira uruhare mu buyobozi bw’igihugu none ubu akaba abyita ko yamugabyeho igitero. Ese ko lunari wumva yashakaga kuzana amacakubiri mu batutsi, ubu Kagame yahamya ko abatutsi bose bamuri inyuma ? Nonese muri iki gihe u Rwanda rwashoje intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo rujyanywe ngo no kurengera uburenganzira bw’abatutsi baho (intambara bamwe bise « opération Rudahigwa») aho Kagame ntiyaba avuga lunari kugirango yumvikanishe ko ariwe uvugira abatutsi nk’uko lunari yabikoraga ? Ese birakwiye kwitiranya amashyaka menshi no kugira amacakubiri ? Ubuse abatutsi bahambiriwe ku butegetsi bwa Kagame iyo bahabwa amahirwe yo kuyoboka irindi shyaka cyangwa andi mashyaka byajyaga kuba bitwaye iki ? Abanyarwanda bakwiye kumva ko Paul Kagame yari muri guverinoma yitwaga iy’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge ariko nta bushake yarafite bwo kwunga abanyarwanda. Niyo mpamvu ibitekerezo abantu batangaga mu nama ya guverinoma yabyitaga amacakubiri cyangwa ubugambanyi igihe cyose byabaga bidahuye n’ibye. Imyaka 28 amaze ku butegetsi yaranzwe no kumva ko utari mu murongo w’ibitekerezo bye nta kindi kimukwiye uretse guhambirwa. Ayo niyo mahitamo ya Kagame kandi nta kindi agamije uretse gushaka ingufu zo gukomeza gushora igihugu mu ntambara zihoraho no mu bwicanyi butarangira.
Bikorewe i Buruseli, tariki ya 14/11/2022
- Jean Claude Kabagema,
Perezida wa ISCID asbl
- Jean Baptiste Nkuliyingoma,
Umuhuzabikorwa wa ISCID asbl akaba yarabaye na ministiri w’itangazamakuru n’umuvugizi wa guverinoma (01/08/1994-28/08/1995)
Télécharger: ISCIDasbl_Kagame_GuhambiraAbaministiri.pdf
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